PSG has now won the prestigious trophy on fourteen separate occasions.
The Parisian giants needed a dramatic equaliser followed by a successful spot-kick decider to overcome their arch-rivals in Kuwait and secure a fourth straight French Super Cup title.
The European champions seemed to be sailing towards a straightforward win in the match between the French league winners and the Coupe de France winners after Ousmane Dembele opened the net early on.
Yet, Marseille struck twice late to seize a surprise advantage. First, Mason Greenwood converted from the spot-kick, before the defender inadvertently turned the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a remarkable twist of events, Goncalo Ramos snatched a vital equaliser in the final seconds to force the match into a deciding shootout. PSG goalkeeper Lucas Chevalier then emerged as the hero, saving decisive attempts from O'Riley and Hamed Traore.
In the shootout, Goncalo Ramos, the midfielder, the full-back, and the young talent all scored with composure for PSG to complete a convincing penalty victory.
The record winners PSG, who met last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Olympique de Marseille after achieving a domestic double, have now won this trophy for the twelfth time in the last thirteen years.